Introduction
The Abbasid dynasty ruled the central and eastern Islamic lands, at least nominally, and headed the Sunni Muslim community for five centuries from its capital Baghdad. The Abbasid claim to the caliphate was based on kinship with the Prophet through his uncle al-ʿAbbas (hence the name). For that reason they restored a truly Muslim government. The first Abbasid caliph, Abu al-ʿAbbas al-Saffah, replaced the Umayyad Marwan II in 132AH/749 CE; the surviving members of the Umayyad family fled to al-Andalus, where they ruled the Islamic West for the next six centuries. The last Abbasid caliph, Abu Ahmad al-Mustaʿsim, was killed during the Mongol sack of Baghdad in 656 AH/1258 CE. By that time the political significance of the Abbasids had long been greatly reduced. The caliph, while retaining his religious authority, had lost a large part of his political and military influence. The caesura between the periods of prosperity and decadence is conventionally identified with the appointment of the military governor of Wasiṭ, Ibn Raʾiq, to the newly minted office of amir al-umaraʾ (chief commander) in 324 AH/936 CE, which made him the de facto ruler in Baghdad. Some of the most famous caliphs in history, such as Harun al-Rashid and al-Maʾmun, were Abbasids, and their times are considered the golden age of the Muslim Empire. The foundations of practices that survived into later times were laid down under the Abbasids, for instance, armies made up of slave soldiers (mamluk) and standard administrative practices.
reference:
http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0218.xml#
Islam On The Abbasid Period
750 - 1258 M
Family Abbasid
Abdul Muttalib bin Hashim bin Abdi Manaf left some of his
son. Among Abdullah (father of the ProphetMuhammad), Abbas and Abu Talib. But
what many offspring mempunyak just Abbas and Abu Talib.They both lowered big
family, spread throughout the Islamic Daulat, from the tip of the
North-WestAfrica to the countries of Central Asia.Abbas was born three years
before tanuh elephant. Means three years older than the Prophet. His mother
named Nutailah bint Janab. Hashim Abbas, a prominent scholar and a tribe of
Quraysh. He was a closefriend of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb. Dikala religion of Islam
began to broadcast the Prophet, he became ahelper of the Prophet who Mukhlis.
He is venerated and beloved Prophet s.a.w. and the Caliph, the
Caliphthereafter. He died in the reign of Uthman ibn Affan.
Abdullah ibn Abbas
was the second son of Abbas. He was born two years before the Hijrah. When
theProphet died only thirteen years old. He is lover and beloved Prophet. At
the time of Umar bin Khattab he became a member of the advisory board Caliph
special. Even when it was still a very young age, but oftentimes Umar asked the
laws and the various problems to him. From this was born descendants of
Abdullah Abbasid family, and other relatives who do not have offspring.
Ali bin
Abdullah is one of the son of Abdullah. He was born at night murder of Caliph
Ali ibn Abi Talib.To commemorate the death of the then Abdullah gave his son
the Caliph's name.
Muhammad bin Ali is the eldest of 20 sons of men and 11 sons
Muhammad female. He is father of Ibrahim al-Imam, Abul Abbas and Abu Jafar
Assafah al-Mansur. And three sons Muhammad is the primary backbone Daulat
Abbasid.
Daulat Abbasid Golden Age
Five Century Abbasid family ever occupied the throne of the
Caliph of Islam, beginning of 132 H. (749AD), which was in election Assafah
Abul Abbas, until the fall of Baghdad by the Mongol-Tartar invasionunder the
leadership Hulako in the year 656 AD (1258 AD).
Daulat The Abbasid period from
inception until the time of Caliph al-Watsiq Billah in 232 AH (879 AD)was the
heyday Daulat Bani Abbas, the height and greatness, then it is a golden age of
Islam that is very bright.
references: http://www.scribd.com/doc/44429129/Abbasiyah-English
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